Блог учителя английского языка Буйнаревич Натальи Ивановны: Form 11

Infinitive or Gerund (presentation)

Pronounes (test)

Conditionals 0, 1, 2, 3 (rule+test)

Conditionals 0, 1, 2, 3 (test)

Complex Object (video lesson)

Complex Object (rule)

Complex Object Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

Complex Subject Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

Разница между Complex Object и Complex Subject

Билет №25

1. Let’s talk about tourism. Is modern life possible without travelling?

2. Do you agree that changing places is a good rest? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions would you ask a guide on a tour around London?

4. I’m going on a trip to the country the language of which I don’t know. What advice will you give me?

5. Nowadays, people enjoy travelling a lot. What are the reasons do you think?

Travelling nowadays has become an important part of modem life. Millions of people all over the world travel about their own countries and to foreign lands as well. They are eager to explore new places and learn more about different ways of life. Tourism comprises the activities of people travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Any tourist trip is characterized by the displacement which involves different means of transport, purpose and duration.

So travelling and tourism depend on such industries as transportation, accommodation and catering, attractions and activities, tour operators, tourist agents and tourist information.

People travel to visit natural destinations such as seas, lakes, rivers, mountain ranges, deserts and so on. They also visit built destinations and resorts. There are such types of tourism as domestic tourism when people visit destinations in their country, outbound tourism when people-visit other countries and incoming tourism that involves people arriving from other counties. People can go to some destination on holiday, which is called leisure tourism, or on business. There is also such purpose of travelling as visiting friends and relatives

It's always interesting to discover new things and other ways of life, to meet different people, taste different food, examine various architectural styles, visit museums and picture galleries. It's common knowledge that travelling is a key to understanding other cultures and a wonderful opportunity to learn more about the world we live in.

Nowadays people can travel in different ways. They can enjoy the comfort and speed of airlines as well as the conveniences of modem coaches and trains, or the luxury of a sea voyage. People choose this or that way of travelling according to their likings and financial possibilities.

1 personally prefer travelling by car. There are several reasons for it. First of all you don't need to reserve your tickets. Then you can go as slowly or as fast as you wish, stop whenever you choose and stay at any place you choose as long as you like. And, of course, you admire much more of the countryside than you do travelling by plane or even by train.

I can't say that I have travelled a lot in my life, nevertheless, last year my parents and I spent one week in Kiev. We arrived there by train. Travelling by train has its advantages as well. Most trains nowadays have very comfortable compartments as well as dining cars. Travelling by train you have speed, comfort and pleasure combined.

I'm looking forward to a day when I can afford extensive travelling to far-away countries and about Belarus as well where there are a lot of unique and beautiful places to see. If I had an opportunity, 1 would visit Great Britain and Germany in future. France also attracts me very much. As for travelling in Belarus, I would like to see its beautiful castles situated in Mir and Nesvizh and the Brest Fortress which is a monument of defence architecture.

Билет №24

1. Let’s talk about education. What can you tell about the system of education in Belarus?

2. Do you agree that our school gives a person a good start in life? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions would you like to ask a British teenager about his school?

4. Give me a piece of advice how to make school life more interesting and enjoyable?

5. People often come back to school and meet their teachers and former classmates. Explain why.

Education is very important in our life. An educated person is one who knows a lot about many things. He always tries to learn, find out, discover more about the world around him. He get knowledge at school, from books, magazines, from TV educational programs. To be successful in studies one must work hard. It's for you to decide to learn and make progress or not to learn lose your time.

Now, let`s talk about the main reasons of education. _________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

The role of foreign languages is also increasing today. Thanks to the knowledge of foreign languages one can read books, magazines in the original, talk to foreigners, translate various technical articles. To know foreign languages is absolute necessary for every educated person, for good specialists. English is a world language. As for me, I'm completely convinced that to know a foreign language is absolutely necessary for all educated person and modern specialists. Everything depends on our own efforts.

The public educational system in Belarus includes pre-schools, general schools, specialised secondary and higher education. So-called pre-schools are kindergartens in fact. Children there learn reading, writing and maths. But pre-school education isn't compulsory - children can get it at home. Compulsory education is for children from 6(7) to 17 years of age. The main branch in the system of education is the general schools which prepare the younger generation for life and work. There are various types of schools: general secondary schools, schools specialising in a certain subject, high schools, gymnasiums and so on. The term of study in a general secondary school is 11 years and consists of primary, middle and upper stages. At the middle stage of a secondary school children learn the basic laws of nature and society at the lessons of history, algebra, literature, physics and many others. After 9th form pupils have to sit for examinations. Also they have a choice between entering the 10th grade of a general secondary school or going to professional school. Pupils who finish the general secondary school, receive a secondary education certificate, giving them the right to enter any higher educational establishment. One has to study in the institute for 5 years. Higher educational institutions train students in one or several specialisations.

Now, I would like to tell you a few words about my gymnasium. It is a beautiful, morden, three stored building. When you enter the school yard you can see a lot of thujas[ˈθju:jə]and beautiful flowers. Behind the building there is a big playground. When the weather is fine we have our PE classes there. When you enter the gymnasium you come into a large hall. To enter the gymnasium you should have a pass. On the ground floor there is a school library, a canteen, the assembly hall . The class rooms, the teachers room and a gym are on the upper floors. All our corridors are full of beautiful pictures, colorful posters, flowers, mirrors and comfortable places to relax. I learn different subjects at school: Russian, English, maths, physics, chemistry, geography, history and some others.

My favorite subjects are Russian and English. I also like literature. I am good at these subjects and usually get good marks in them. I work hard at English lessons: read and translate texts, make up dialogues, do a lot of ex-s, but most of all I like different tests, I am fond of grammar. But I wishI were better in chemistry. I always fail to learn formulas and terms properly. I like my class, everybody is so friendly easy to get along with. I amon good terms with my classmates and we often spend our free time together.

No doubt that school is our second home. We spend a lot of time at school acquiring deep knowledge, which can help us to understand our life better. It plays an important role in our lives.

2. I fully agree with it. As I have said before the school years are the most important years in the life of every person. Their character and perception of the world are formed there. In this period they grow up, get stronger, find friends, develop their talents and skills and begin to understand life. School education gives us knowledge. Knowledge helps to acquire a critical understanding of social, economic and political orders and reasonable set of attitudes, values and beliefs. It develops a sense of self-respect, the capacity to live as independent, self-motivated adults and the ability to function as contributing members of the society. Therefore school remains in our hearts during our life.

3. 1) Is your school large or small?

2) What is your favourite subject?

3) Do you get much home task?

4) Is your school life interesting?

5) What foreign language do you learn?

4. School isn`t a prison. Whether you find school difficult, boring, or just plain stressful you sould do the following steps:

- always try to make a list of everything that you need to do;

- having good friends to talk to and laugh with at break and lunch really lifts your spirits during the school day;

- put your hand up in lessons, get involved in class discussions;

- always get into a routine of doing homework and studying;

- it is really important to have a healthy balance between studying and relaxing/ doing things that you love;

- drinking and eating well keeps you refreshed and awake, making it easier to focus in class and less likely to get tired and bored

- although school isn’t always fun, and can be really stressful at times, just remember how lucky you are that you have the opportunity to get an education.

5. People often come back to school and meet their teachers and former classmates. It`s a good tradition in our schools because school has been a comfortable place to study and enjoy life. It`s our second home. Our kind-hearted and patient teachers not only give us deep knowledge in various subjects, but they also teach us to understand what is good and what is bad, to treat each other carefully. I think all people are thankful to their teachers for their work. And of course our pretty school friends, they are unforgottable! We spend the happiest and the most essential moments of our life here. That`s why people come back to school again and again.

Билет №23

1. Let’s talk about youth and society. There are many ways for young people to be involved in social life. What are they?

2. Do you agree that your outlook changes when you become a member of any youth organization?

3. What would you ask a British teenager about youth movement in Great Britain?

4. What will you advise a person who wants to join youth organization?

5. If you have a chance to start a campaign, what will you campaign for?

As you see I’m a young girl/boy. I want to tell you a little about youth. I think my generation is bright, cheerful and very kind.

As I said modern youth is cheerful, very kind people. But the youth has many problems such as learning problems, relationship with friends and family can be difficult. Also many young people have a lot of addictions. They can be addicted to alcohol, drugs, smoking, gadgets and the Internet. To solve these problems, first you need to become more patient. Due to our parents, teachers and friends we can overcome our troubles.Also there are many different organizations, which can help us, too. And of course they help to be involved in social life.

Now, I’d like to tell you some words about Scout Association.Scouting in the UK is the largest volunteer movement for young people. A lot of people involved in this movement. The motto of Scouts is BE READY, which means to be ready to do the right things at the right moment. The mission of Scouting is to contribute to the education of young people, to help them build a better world, realise their full potential and take their place in the society. They organize a lot of activities for young people to develop themselves, for example : hiking in the dark, travelling, paragliding, archery and so on. They develop creative expression, help young people to set and achieve goals. Also they promote international harmony and tolerance.

The most authoritative of them are the BRPO, the BRSM, The Association of Belarusian Guides, The Belarusian Republican Scout Association. The main aim of the BRSM is to create conditions for all-round development of young people. The BRSM – it’s a youth organization in Belarus, a leader of the national youth movement. It’s goals are to promote patriotism, to develop youth’s initiatives, to involve young people into useful public activities and to encourage creative expression. The organization was created on September 6 2002. It’s symbols are an emblem and a flag, where you can see the initials of the BRSM. In order to join the BRSM, the applicant must be between the ages of 14 and 31.The main activity of the BRSM is to the Belarusian patriotism. Also, young people participate in memorial ceremonies about the country and pass out flowers to veterans of the Great Patriotic War. The BRSM supports youth volunteer movement in Belarus and organizes student construction brigades. I’m a member of this organization, and I want to advise you to join us, as it provides many opportunities, gives you the opportunity to achieve your goal, also helps with admission, I am glad to be member of this organization, because I feel my importance in the world!

2. Absolutely! Different activities such as volunteering,care about old people,participating in various promotions develop the youth's patriotism and love for others.Young people become more calm,confident in themselves and their abilities. Many people from all over the world take part in youth organisations to gain important experience and learn to respect others and themselves.

3. 1. What are the most popular youth organisations in GB?

2. What are their goals?

3. What events do they organize?

4. How many members are there in your organization?

5. Is your organization powerful and influential?

4. I'm sure you should join the BRSM. They promote patriotism, moral values and they organize such activities as camping, sporting events, concerts and meetings, where you can make new friends and promote your own views. Besides, it will help you to socialize. Once I took part in a concert organized by the BRSM and it was wonderful. A lot of people gathered to find money to help handicapped people. And I'm proud that I was one of them. So, join the BRSM.

5. Today a lot of people believe that they should do something to protect our environment. So if I have a chance to start a campaign, I would start «Environmental Protection Campaign». First of all I should find volunteers and choose the motto for my campaign. I can organize meetings with local authorities, different concerts and charity projects. I'm sure that nature protection is everybody's concern so my campaign wouldl be successful.

Билет №22

1. Let’s talk about national character and stereotypes. How will you describe a typical Englishman?

2. Do you agree that people belonging to one nation have a lot in common? Prove your point of view. 3. Ask a British teenager what the British are like?

4. Give me a piece of advice on how to avoid stereotypes.

5. People say, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. What do you think about it?

         Different nations have different characters. We expect every nation to have some typical qualities. Generalisations about cultures or nationalities can be a source of pride, anger or simply bad jokes. Some people say that in all stereotypes there is some basis in reality, as they don’t develop in a vacuum. Such stereotypes mostly concern appearance, language, food, habits, psychological traits, attitudes, values.
But every stereotype and generalization should be taken with a grain of salt, as we all know that there are black and white sheep in every herd.
         It is said that Americans are arrogant; harsh; open-minded; materialistic; ambitious; progressive; efficient; straightforward; practical; fast food eaters. It is believed that Australians are nature lovers; sometimes shallow but honest; open-minded; love to joke; meat eaters; sports lovers; surf all day – drink all night. It is thought that Canadians are submissive, agreeable; modest; open-minded; progressive; efficient; straightforward; polite; respectful; anxious; law-abiding and tolerant; anti-American; passive.
We know a lot of stereotypes concerning the United Kingdom and its natives. Many stereotypes are wrong, but some of them seem to be good. We should be aware though, that some of them aren’t true. In fact they are rather conservative and love familiar things and values. They got a lot of culture behind them and they stick to their customs and traditions. They are said to be very reliable, both socially and professionally. They seem to be very punctual and always keep their word. You can call the British cold, but deep-down they are very warm and kind.
              The British people are the world’s greatest tea drinkers. They drink a quarter of all the tea grown in the world each year. Many of them drink tea on at least eight different occasions during the day. English people like reading a lot, especially newspapers-talking about the weather, going to a pub, discussing news and drinking beer there. They also like to spend time in a club. The membership itself is attractive for them, because it provides the so-called sense of belonging. The traditional love of the English for their homes is known all over the world. Old sayings like "Home is a castle" and "There is no place like a home" reflect the inner nature of a real Englishman who cannot imagine his life without a lawn in front of his house or a small garden behind it and a fireplace inside the house. Speaking about Englishmen I may note that they're reserved, tradition-loving, courteous, honest, extremely nationalistic and etc. To my mind, they have a specific sense of humor. They say that they can't understand our jokes and anecdotes not only because of the different meanings of the words, but because of their humor is more delicate.

Of course all people are individuals and have their own traits.
In fact every national character is a combination of good and bad traits. But still you must treat every nation with equal respect. We are living through a period of global transition. Across the globe, nations and communities face profound and enduring economic, social and environmental challenges. We can only advance as a community of nations and cultures, drawing on human solidarity and recognizing that we share a common destiny. This is why tolerance is so important. Tolerance is the strongest foundation for peace and reconciliation that will unite us on our common journey to a peaceful, sustainable future.

2. Usually, but not always. A nation is a group of people who share common history and usually a language and live in the same area. Culture can be described as our everyday life: how we communicate, what makes us happy and sad. It also includes our language, religion, traditions, behavior, way of life – in other words, what we do each day. People that belong to various nations may differ and they always differ from one another.

3. 1) What are the main national characteristics of British people?

2) Are the British individualists?

3) What is your favourite saying about the British?

4. Are the British hard-working?

5. Are they sport-loving?

4. As I said, every national character is a combination of good and bad traits. But still you must treat every nation with equal respect. We are living through a period of global transition. Across the globe, nations and communities face profound and enduring economic, social and environmental challenges. We can only advance as a community of nations and cultures, drawing on human solidarity and recognizing that we share a common destiny. This is why tolerance is so important. Tolerance is the strongest foundation for peace and reconciliation that will unite us on our common journey to a peaceful, sustainable future.

5. One wise man said that no man should travel until he has learned the language of the country he visits. True, isn’t it? However, we sometimes realise, to our great astonishment, that the knowledge of the language is not enough. Every country has its customs. Different nations can behave differently in the same situations. Let’s be polite travellers. Let’s respect the customs of the country we are in. Let’s not forget the proverb: “When in Rome do as the Romans do.»

Билет № 21

1. Let’s talk about English-speaking countries. What do you know about any of these countries?

2. Do you agree that this country is worth visiting? Explain why.

3. What would you ask a teenager from this country about?

4. Give me a piece of advice on what places of interest to visit in this country.

5. If you have a chance to travel to any country in the world, which one will you choose to visit? Why is this country so popular among tourists?

1. Let`s talk about English-speaking countries. What do you know about any of these countries?

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of Amarica, canada, Australia and New Zealand are English-speaking countries. They are situated in different parts of the world and differ in many ways. Each country has its own history, customs, traditions, its own national holidays. But they all share a common language - English. But I`d like to tell you some words about Canada and Australia.

Canada is situated between the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Artic oceans. As I know from me History lessons Canada was axplored by British and French settlers at the late of the 15th century. There were 4 colonies that formed Canada and it became a country in 1931. The country is officially ruled by the Queen Elezabeth II, but there is a general govener who represents her in the country. The Canadian flag with the maple leaf on it is well-known all over the world, but it hasn`t a long history. Ottawa is a capital of Canada and Toronto is the biggest city. People in Canada speak French and English. This country is considered bilingual and multicultural.

I know that there are some symbols of Canada. A maple leaf you can find everywhere : on the stamps, coins, clothes, sport and military equipment and of cours on the flag. It is considered the main symbol of the country. But maple trees are only at the eastern part of Canada. The beaver is another symbol. Some hundrets years ago fur hats from beaver pelts were very popular, they were in dander. Nowadays there are a lot of beavers all over the country. People take care of them.

Also I know about some sights of Canada.

Ottawa is smaller then other capitals, but it has its own charm. Parliment Hills is a home of parliment of Canada. You can see the ceremonial of changing the guards there. The Peace Tower looks like Big Ben. A star attraction is the Rideau Canal. It`s the largest ice-skating ring in winter. You may treat youself to Beaver`s Tail pastry, if you are hungry. There are 3 magnificent waterfalls. Actually it’s a series of three magnificent waterfalls situated on the border of Canada and the United States. There are several ways to experience Niagara Falls. Toronto is a multicultural city with a lot of visitors. It`s financial center, hectic and culturally diverse. There are a lot of ethnic districs. CN Tower is famous. You may go up in one of the famous glass elevators and get a brilliant view. The Castle of Casa Loma is a fairytale building. It was originally a residence for a financier built in the beginning of the 20th century. It looks fantastic from outside.

In my opinion Canadians are very friendly and considerate people. They know all their neighbours, try to help all people in need. They know a lot about the history of the country and Canadians are proud of it very much. But as everywhere you can easily run into someone that is either rude or arrogant. Also the territory of Canada is an ideal natural playground where people can do verious kind of sports.

Also I know that English is spoken in Australia. When people think of Australia they usually think of koalas, kangaroos, surfing or the Great Barrier Reef. In many ways Australia is a unique country which remains half-unknown. The country is officially called the Commonwealth of Australia. The name Australia comes from Latin australis meaning southern. As Australia lies in the southern hemisphere people often call it ‘the land down under’

Australia is an island continent and also the only continent occupied by a single nation. It consists of the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. Australia contains six states (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania) and two internal territories (the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory). Canberra is Australia's capital city but the largest city is Sydney.

It is also the driest continent on earth. Like all countries in the southern hemisphere, Australia's seasons are opposite to those in the northern hemisphere. December to February is summer; March to May is autumn; June to August is winter; and September to November is spring.

The geography of the country is extremely diverse, ranging from the snow-capped mountains to large deserts, tropical and temperate forests. It is the flattest continent. Mountain Kosciuszko is the highest mountain on the Australian continent.

Although Australia is a small continent, it is the sixth largest country in the world: only Russia, Canada, the United States, China, and Brazil have larger areas.

The population of Australia is about 18 million people, about 23 percent were born elsewhere, and 1.5 percent are of aboriginal descent. Over 86 percent of Australia's people live in cities. Australia enjoys one of the world's highest standards of living – it is the 16th among the industrialized nations. It is a diverse, technologically advanced industrial economy, which leads the world in wool production and coal exports.

Australia’s best-known animals are the kangaroo, koala, platypus, wombat and spiny anteater. Almost half of the mammals are marsupials. There are a lot of species of birds, including the large, flightless emu – are found nowhere else. There are 55 species of parrots in Australia, and one of the earliest navigators suggested the Australian continent should be called ‘the land of parrots’.

2. That`s so true! As was pointed, all these countries are full of sights and attractions. The geography of the countries is extremely diverse, ranging from the snow-capped mountains to large deserts, tropical and temperate forests. You can meet friendly and considerate people, visit magnificent landmarks, learn about their history and traditions, get acquainted with unusual animals and of course practise English. So, no doubt these countries are worth visiting.

3. What does the flag of your country symbolise?

What places would you advise me to visit in your country?

What are the most popular sports in the country?

What is the population in the country?

What sights would you recommend me to visit in your country?

4. I recommend you to visit Ottawa in Canada. Ottawa is smaller then other capitals, but it has its own charm. There you can see the ceremonial of changing the guards. A star attraction is the Rideau Canal. It`s the largest ice-skating ring in winter. There are 3 magnificent waterfalls. Actually it’s a series of three magnificent waterfalls situated on the border of Canada and the United States. There are several ways to experience Niagara Falls.

In Australia I recommend you to visit Ayers Rocks It is also called Uluru, it is in the heart of Australia near the town of Alice Springs. It is the largest stone monolith in the world and sacred to the Aboriginal site. The whole context around is desert, and spectacular to visit touring the vicinity seeing the colours of the rock changing throughout the day.

5. I think I will choose Australia. Australia is the place to be discovered. Australia is the only continent with the only population that is entirely below the equator, this is where the name ‘Down Under’ comes from. If you look at the sky above Australia you’ll see that it is absolutely different. There are some interesting things to discover there. The largest piece of rock in the world – Ayers Rock- is a very special place in central Australia. The flora and the fauna are unusual. Australia has a good system of social security and services. Australian life is pretty quiet. You won’t feel bored if you pay a visit to the capital city Canberra or visit the biggest city Sydney. That`s why this country is really popular among tourists.

Билет №20

1. Let’s talk about Belarus. Are you proud of your national holidays and traditions?

2. Do you agree that Belarus has a glorious past? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions do you expect to hear from a British teenager about Belarus?

4. Which festival in Belarus will you recommend your British friend to visit?

5. They say that Belarusian language is losing its popularity. What do you think about it?

The Republic of Belarus is a small, beautiful country with the heroic past and interesting present. It is situated in Eastern Europe. The Republic borders on Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. The area of Belarus is 207.000 square kilometers and the population is about 10 million people. Two-thirds of Belarus' population live in cities. There are 97 cities in the Republic. It's capital is Minsk, with the population of about two million people. The largest cities in Belarus are Brest, Vitebsk, Gomel, Grodno, and Mogilev, in which the administrative centers of the Republic are located.

Belarus has deep historical roots in the past that's why its customs and traditions often have a fascinating history. The most ancient Belarusian traditions and holidays can be classified according to four seasons of the year: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Although most Belarusians follow the traditions of Christianity, a lot in their culture originated from pagan beliefs. From late December into January, groups of villagers dress up in costumes and go house-to-house singing traditional “kalyadki” songs, for which they are rewarded with treats.

Kupalle is another example of a celebration with pagan roots. On the night of the 6th of July girls pick flowers, twine them into a wreath and throw their wreaths into rivers as a method of fortune telling. People stay up all night dancing, playing games and jumping over river-side fires.

But traditions are not only holidays. Folk songs, dances, games, fairy tales, legends, riddles, proverbs and sayings — they all reflect the wisdom and life experience of Belarusians. It is great that today if you want to listen to beautiful old Belarusian songs, you needn’t go to the countryside. In recent years, there have appeared a few Belarusian folk music groups that perform traditional music in clubs and at outdoor venues.

One more important part of national culture and traditions is food. Traditional cuisine is an expression of cultural identity. In Belarus there are a lot of traditional dishes. The most popular are draniki (thick potato pancakes), machanka or vereshchaka (sausage and meat dish, a sort of dressing for pancakes), homemade sausages, kalduny, kletski (dumplings), babka (baked grated potato pie).

The long history has taught Belarusians to overcome difficulties. Today they are optimistic because their historical experience makes them sure they will do their best to preserve their unique culture, language and revive industry and agriculture. But they are anxious about the future of their children after the Chernobyl catastrophe, 1986. And still they hope for the best.

In conclusion I can say that I`m proun of my motherland and it`s traditions.

2. Belarus has a long and interesting history. According to some documents Belarusian statehood started in the 10^th century when Prince Rogvolod began his reign on Polotsk lands. From the 13^th till the 16^th centuries Belarus was a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1569 the Grand Duchy and the Kingdom of Poland united in a federative state – Rzech Pospolita.

In the 16^th century Francisk Scoryna published his first “Bible” in the Belarusian Language.In the 19^th century Belarus became a part of the Russian Empire. In 1919 the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was formed, and our country became a part of the Soviet Union.

The advantageous geographical position – on the crossroads from east to west and from north to south – more than once turned into disadvantage making Belarus the arena of many wars and invasions.

People celebrate Independence Day on July 3^rd, the day when Soviet troops liberated Minsk from fascists in 1944.On the 27^th of July , 1991 Belarus proclaimed its sovereignty and a new state, the Republic of Belarus, appeared on the international arena.

Today Belarus is a country od developed industry, education and culture, and I am proud of our country and its people.

3. 1. Where is Belarus situated?
2. What city is the capital?
3. Do people of Belarus speak Belarusian?
4. What places are worth seeing in Belarus?

5. What is the population of Belarus?

4. As you know, our country is full of different festivals and contests. First of all, I`d recommend to visit The International Art Festival Slavyanski Bazaar, which is an annual festival held in Vitebsk. It gathers participants from over 30 countries. In addition to The International Song Contest, which is the highlight of the festival and where you can meet a lot of famouse singers, you can fascinate cinema and theatre shows, plain-air exhibitions and fairs of artisans who display their best works. Also I would recommend to visit The Minsk International Festival Listapad. It is a large film forum bringing together famous filmmakers, actors and cinema fans. The programme of the Minsk International Film Festival Listapad is rich and unique. The Medieval Festival Rubon invites the lovers of the Belarusian history and knight tournaments to a trip into the heroic times of the Middle Ages. The Teatralny Koufar is the only Belarusian international festival of student theatre and one of the most influential youth theatre forums in Eastern Europe. It is organized by the Belarusian State University and takes place on its stage in September.

5. Russian and Belarusian are two official languages, but very few people speak Belarusian in their day-to-day lives. This is the reality, but it doesn’t mean that the language is losing its popularity. As there are very few schools and practically no universities that teach in Belarusian, independent courses are conducted across Belarus. People want to know their language to be proud of who they are.

Билет №19

1. Let's talk about your future career. What profession appeals to you?

2. Do you agree that there are many influencers on the choice of your future career?

3. What questions will you ask your future employer at a job interview?

4. Give some advice to a school leaver on what he/she needs to think about while choosing future career.

5. To be a professional you need to know a foreign language. What do you think about it?

1. It goes without saying that choosing one's career is not a simple thing and it demands careful consideration. You should realistically consider your abilities and how to make use of them. You should ask yourself how much you know about the reality of you future job. As a matter of fact, many of us are still on the fantasy level about future jobs, for there is a great difference between the career aspiration and the real world of work. We often neglect the fact that every job has a share boredom about it. That's why you'd better think about pros and cons so as not to regret your decision to follow this or that career afterwards. Actually it's not a pleasant thing to stay all your life in a job you don't like. And certainly it's always nice to have a well-paid job and enjoy it.

Getting a job in today's competitive world is not easy. Most jobs require qualifications. So it's better to think about your future job while you are still at school.

Some of my classmates try to choose their future professions under the influence of their parents, whose advice they find helpful and valuable. In my opinion, the final choice should depend on what I am interested in. I want to enjoy my future job. I think I'll be motivated by work satisfaction rather than by profit or a good salary. That's why I work hard at school, staying late hours, sometimes burning my candle at both ends.

I can't say I have made up my mind what my future career will be. But I'm sure it will be connected with the English language. 1 have always realized the importance of foreign languages in the modem world, firstly, it is essential for the development of international contacts in the sphere of political, social, business and cultural relations. Secondly, it offers good job opportunities and it enables you to find work almost anywhere in the world. I'm thinking of learning several foreign languages and making a practical use of them in my future job.

I think 1 would be able to become an English teacher as I'm fond of the English language and British culture. I think I'd like to share my knowledge with pupils. At the same time I think I wouldn't be patient enough to explain the same grammar rules to pupils and correct their mistakes. I don't like doing the same things over and over again.

1 think 1 can find a job which involves a lot of travel, moving around, meeting lots of interesting people. I believe my future career will be connected with international tourism or journalism. At the same time I am aware of the disadvantages such jobs have. People who do these jobs often get fed up with travelling, living in the hotels and having little time to spend with their families. They have to work hard and stay late hours. Their jobs are often stressful and involve risks.

I don't know exactly what practical use I will make of foreign languages in future, but I'm definitely sure that after graduating from university I will become an educated person, useful for the progress of the society I live in.

2. I think nobody. Some pupils choose their future profession under the influence of their parents and friends. In my opinion, the final choice should depend on what you are interested in. For me, interesting and creative work is the most important thing.

3. Have you got any special rules to regulate a working day?

Is there any dress-code in your office?

What is the period of holidays?

Are there any additional financial rewards for the job?

4. For most people choosing a career is not an easy task. It is one of the most important decisions one makes in life. The properly chosen career makes a person happy and successful for the rest of his life.

Planning one’s career involves three definite steps: self assessment, using labour market information and making decisions. The first step – self assessment – is most important. Only by knowing yourself you will be able to make the right decisions about your career. It means learning about your interests, values, goals, aptitudes and skills.

Self-assessment is difficult on your own. Career counselors in schools can offer assistance to students, they can help to make a list of the skills and abilities they think you possess.

To avoid mistakes, it is necessary to start thinking about the future profession as soon as possible.

5. I’m absolutely positive about it. Modern world is a global community. So as to be a member of this community you should know a universal language. Only in this case you’ll be in process and keep pace with the time. English is a universal language. It’s the language of the Internet, all international conferences, different instructions for modern devices and so on. That’s why you’ll be a good candidate for any job if you speak a foreign language.

Билет №18

1. Let’s talk about family. What role does it play in each person’s life?

2. Do you agree that family traditions make family relations stronger? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions would you ask a family psychologist?

4. What can you advise people who want to have a good relationship with their parents and grandparents?

5. Nowadays, an average family has one child. From your point of view, how many children should there be in a family?

Family is very important for every person, because it gives you a sense of stability and tradition, a feeling of having support and understanding. You feel secure when there’s a family behind you. They are people you can trust and rely on, people who won’t let you down and who share your joys and sorrows. In happy families parents are frank and honest with their children, they treat their children with respect without moralizing or bossing them, and children in their turn learn how to treat other people and how to form relationship with their peers.

At the same time there are different problems which can badly influence family relationship. One of them is generation gap. These days many adults describe their children as "difficult", "rude", "wild" and "irresponsible". Modem teenagers are said to be a generation in a fearful hurry to grow up. Adolescents arc overeonscious of their appearance and the impression they make on others. They may rebel violently against parental authority, but this causes them great unhappiness as well. And they are not always helped to get through a confusion of life in a productive way. Even teenagers with sympathetic and supportive parents can fall in with a bad company. Being raised by single-parent families as well as watching TV, which takes most of their free time, can also accelerate the desire of children for being independent and causes behaviour problems.

I think both parents and children are responsible for good and friendly relationship in the family. Every member of the family must support and respect one another. There are a number of activities which help members of the family to be on friendly terms: discussing all thefamily plans together, going on trips, visiting museums, theatres, exhibitions and exchanging opinions about them.

I enjoy the honest and open relationship in my family. I like it when parents trust their children, give them enough freedom and respect them. I think these things make family relations warm and pleasant. There is no so-called “generation gap” in our family, though we may argue and disagree on certain issues. I can always bring my friend home and my parents are very positive about it, although they don’t always approve of our tastes, views and clothes.

I share my joys and sorrows with my family. I'm happy to say that my home is the place where everybody understands, respects and. loves me. To my mind, this is the way things should be in any family.

2. I think family traditions help its members respect and support one another.

A lot of activities can help members of a family to be on friendly terms; discussing all the family plans, going on trips together, visiting museums, theatres, exhibitions and exchanging opinions about them, sharing joys and sorrows. Every member of our family looks forward to the weekend. We enjoy going to the cinema and cafes together. In winter we often ski and skate. In other seasons we enjoy riding bikes, going to theme parks or visiting famous sights of our country. We visit our extended family and often help them in the garden. It's also our family tradition to spend summer holidays together.

3. 1. What should I do to be close with my parents?

2. Is it necessary to help my parents?

3. How can I help them?

4. Should I spend more time with my family?

5. What shoul we do to be stay happy at home?

4. If you want to have a good relationship with your parents and grandparents, you should spend your free time together. You should help your relatives with household chores. You should be open, friendly, caring, understanding and loving.

5. It seems a bit sad that families are getting so small these days. A family with 3 or 4 children is not a common thing. More often you will find many families where there is just Mummy, Dad, one kid and may be a dog. To my mind a child in such a family feels lonely, he hasn’t got a real friend who can help him in any moment. It’s better to have 2 or 3 children in the family. They will be able to communicate with each other, share their sorrows and happiness, help each other in our modern, but rather difficult life.

Билет №17

1. Let’s talk about different types of housing. What type do you like most?

2 .Would you like to live in a city or in the country? Prove your point of view.

3. Your family is going to move into a new house\flat. What questions will you ask your parents about your new house\flat?

4. Give your parents a piece of advice on where to move into: a multi-storied building or a detached house.

5. How do you see an ideal place to live in?

The most essential things for man’s life are food, water, clothes and shelter. But a human being wants not just a shelter, not just a house but a home.

In the past people used to build houses out of local materials and many areas developed their own style of building. As a result the architectural landscape in Britain is extremely varied.

There are huge differences among houses. They vary in style, size, colour, material, the age of the building, ownership and many other things.

A great number of people in Britain dream of having a large spacious detached house with a garden. But even a small detached house is very desirable. Such houses give more privacy which is so dear to any British heart. They still think that “An Englishman’s home is his castle”.

Many people like cottages especially if they are thatched and conveniently located. Cottages are usually small but still detached. The next alternative is a semi-detached house (duplex in American English) where you have just one neighbouring family. Each house is the mirror of the other. They are exactly the same inside and outside.

Terraced houses (or rowed houses in America) are the last on the wish list but still better than flats. Quite a few people try to avoid living in blocks of flats (American: apartment blocks) first of all because they provide the least amount of privacy. Although Britain is very densely populated, the proportion of flats is second lowest in Europe. Terraced houses usually have no way though to the back garden except through the house itself. Each house in a row is joined to the next one. Houses at the end of the row are called end terrace houses and have more space around them. They are more desirable and more expensive compared to the houses in the middle.

An exception is the town house which can be found in the inner areas of cities. They have three or more floors and a basement. Even though they are terraced they are highly desirable especially if they are conveniently located. Many of these houses have been broken into flats or studios. A studio is a flat with a general living space combining a living room, a bedroom and a kitchen in one room.

My family lives in a block of flats. I think that it is the cheapest type of dwelling in any town. Flats can be of different sizes: one-roomed, two-roomed, three-roomed, so one can choose what they like. We have a nice flat in a new block of flats. Our flat is on the fourth floor. It has all modern conveniences: central heating, gas, electricity, cold and hot running water, a lift and a chute to carry rubbish down. There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a hall in our flat.

The living-room is the largest and most comfortable room in the flat. In the middle of the room we have a square-table with six chairs round it. To the right of the dinner-table there is a wall-unit which has several sections: a sideboard, a wardrobe and some shelves. Between the two large windows there is a little table with a colour TV set on it. A small round table, a sofa and a standard lamp are in the left-hand corner.

The bedroom is smaller than the living-room and not so light as there is only one window in it. In this room there are two beds with a bedside-table between them. An alarm-clock and a small lamp with a pink lamp-shade are on the table. In the left-hand corner there is a dressing-table with a big mirror. In this room we have a built-in wardrobe with coat-hangers to hang clothes on.

It’s really wonderful to have a room for yourself. My room is not large but very cosy. There isn’t much furniture in it, only the most necessary. It has a writing-table and an armchair before it. In the right-hand corner there is a bookcase full of books, magazines and newspapers. A small table with a tape-recorder is standing in the left-hand corner.

In my opinion, the study is the best room in our flat. But the warmest place in our flat is the kitchen, I think — the place where the whole family gathers every evening not only to have supper together, but also to speak and rest. I like the English proverb: "My home is my castle” because my flat is, indeed, my castle

Many people nowadays interpret the proverb “An Englishman’s home is his castle” in a good old way. But quite a few interpret it very practically. Property ownership is a very good long-term investment which can be sold with profit if need be.

2. I think that living in a city would be much better than living in the country. I like being active, and I like going out so living in the country is boring, compared to the city. Living in a city would be more convenient I suppose because I wouldn’t have to go far to get to a shop. The country is wonderful, but city living has its good points. If you love shopping, museums, nightlife, fast life, incredible opportunities that are unavailable in a small town--there is no place better than a big city. Yes it can be crowded and noisy and dirty. But you can find whatever you are looking for at any time.

3. 1Is our new flat/house large?

2How many rooms are there in our flat?

3Where is that flat?

4Is that flat far from the center?

5. Have I got my own room?

4. I should say that living in a detached house is better than living in a flat. Detached houses have a lot of advantages. They are very spacious and comfortable. They also have character. Detached houses are charming, homey and full of memories. They give a sense of privacy.

5. Well, I would like to have a big house in the suburbs of the city with lots of fresh air, with a big play ground for my kids and with some place to practice my gardening skills. If I had a chance to choose I would choose quieter green suburbs rather than crowded multi blocks of flats. Though each way of living has advantages, to my mind, a private house has more pluses for getting a pleasure.

Билет №16

1. Let’s talk about tourism. What types of tourism are popular nowadays?

2. Do you agree that it is difficult to choose the most suitable means of transport?

3. You want to leave for an exotic country. What questions will you ask a tour agent?

4. Your American friend wants to visit Belarus. What places will you advise him\her to visit?

5. Every country should encourage and promote tourism. What do you think about it?

Let's talk about travelling and tourism

So travelling and tourism depend on such industries as transportation, accommodation and catering, attractions and activities, tour operators, tourist agents and tourist information.

2. You are right, there are many means of transport and ways of traveling — by train, by plane, by ship, on foot. It all depends on your purposes. If you want to visit a far country, you’ll definitely choose a flight. If your aim is to see many countries for a short time, you’ll choose travelling by bus or by car. If you want to be closer to nature, you may choose a trip on foot. I`m sure, If you know exactly where you are going on a trip, it`s easy to choose suitable means of transport.

3. What exotic country will you recommend?

-Do I need a medical insurance?

-Is national food spicy?

-Are there famous places of interest in there?

-What is the weather this time of the year?

4. Our country is rich in different sights,some of them belong to world heritage. All of them are interesting and worth visiting. I would advise to visit:

Belavezhskaya Pushcha National Park

Mir Castle Complex

Nesvizh Castle Complex

Augustow Canal

St. Sophia Cathedral in the town of Polatsk

Kamyanets Tower

SS. Boris and Gleb Church in the city of Hrodna

Brest Fortress

Palace and Park Ensemble in the city of Homel

5. Tourism has a lot of benefits to individual nations. The benefits are really significant. Tourism is a source of income. The income is so important to the countries, especially, for those which are poor and haven`t any developed industries. Tourism is known all over the world as the fastest prospective economic sector and industry. This is because of the job creation and foreign exchange earnings it brings. Thus, it should be encouraged.

Билет №15

1. Let’s talk about outstanding people. Tell me about some outstanding people who changed the world.

2. Do you think a genius is born or made? Prove your point of view.

3. If you have a chance to interview a celebrity, what would you ask a well-known person about?

4. My son wants to become a successful businessman in future. What advice will you give him?

5. What do you think is more important: IQ, hard work, persistence or a solid upbringing on the way to success?

Let s talk about outstanding people. Tell me about some outstanding people who changed the world.

In my opinion to be an outstanding person means to possess personality, not to be like anyone else and being someone who is not trying to emphasize it. An outstanding person is the one who wants to do something good in his or her life and who likes to help other people and leaves some kind of trace in the life of others, I believe, an outstanding person is not a person who is famous all over the world. A great number of remarkable people surround us and we may not even know about it.

All famous people we can speak about are outstanding, because to make yourselves known and be spoken about you have to be different in some way and not only people born to famous and rich families can be called outstanding.

Vice versa, people who have to find their own way in life, people who have to do everything by themselves, they have a chance to become famous, strong, confident. They are people who changed the world.

IsaacNewton was so genius that at the age of 22 he discovered the law of gravitation and nature of white light, the law of motion of planets.

Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin, was born in Scotland. Sir Alexander Fleming spent his working hours in hospitals and laboratories. He went from home to his laboratory every morning and went home from his laboratory every night. His discovery of penicillin did more to help suffering mankind than anything else for centuries.

Alexander Graham Bell- as a young boy, liked mathematics and science, but he was easily bored at school. He was much more interested in experimenting and discovering things on his own. One of his first inventions was a simple machine imitating the human voice. Bell’s studies of the human ear and voice vibrations, and years of experiments resulted in 1876 in the first telephone conversation.

Most people know that Thomas Edison created the first working light bulb, but they don't know anything else about him. He invented over 1000 different things. Among his inventions are: the phonograph , the record player, the movie camera and the movie projector. He continuedto invent all his life. He was a true genius.

Americans are very proud of Bill Gates and they consider him an outstanding person. He was able to create something from nothing. He is not like everyone else, he is one of a kind and that makes him an outstanding person.

Boris Kit, an outstanding Belarusian mathematician, physicist, chemist, philosopher and educator, changed the world creating space projects.

ZhoresAlferov, a physicist, academic and Russian politician, is famous for the invention of heterotransistor(гетероструктурныйполупроводник, лазер). It revolutionized the mobile phone and satellite communications. The list of people who changed the world is very long. These people are scientists, musicians, composers, writers, film makers, singers and actors, politicians, cosmonauts and doctors. We are proud of them and admire their work and achievements.

2. I think you have to be born with some sort of talent, but you also have to be brought up correctly and taught well. Success consists of only 1% of a person’s talent and 99% of practice and hard work. I believe that only hard-working people can get better results in any sphere of life.

3. What field do you work in?

· Have you made any inventions?

· Do you work alone or with a group of your colleagues?

· Is it easy to be a celebrity?

· Do you donate money for charity?

4. When you enter into business, you are supposed to do what is right. You must learn the ways on how to become a good businessman. I can give you some aspects how to become a successful businessman in the future: 1- set goals, 2- find the right idea, 3- research the idea, 4- design a sales and marketing plan.

5. Without a doubt, hard work is a much better predictor of success than natural ability. In my experience, I have seen this at work in sports, school, and work. Many athletes have a natural ability to run the fastest mile or kick the ball the most accurately. Unless they work hard though, they will not be stars. They need to train daily, eat properly, live correctly. It takes hard work to be Number One.

Билет №14

1. Let’s talk about national character and stereotypes. How will you describe a typical Belarusian?

2. Do you agree that stereotypes give a true picture of a national character? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions will you ask your British friend to find out his/her opinion about our country?

4. Your British friend wants to discover Belarusian cuisine. What advice will you give him/her?

5. Is it true that Belarusians eat potatoes at all meals?

Let`s talk about national character and stereotypes.

Different nations have different characters. We expect every nation to have some typical qualities. Generalisations about cultures or nationalities can be a source of pride, anger or simply bad jokes. Some people say that in all stereotypes there is some basis in reality, as they don’t develop in a vacuum. Such stereotypes mostly concern appearance, language, food, habits, psychological traits, attitudes, values.
But every stereotype and generalization should be taken with a grain of salt, as we all know that there are black and white sheep in every herd.
It is said that Americans are arrogant; harsh; open-minded; materialistic; ambitious; progressive; efficient; straightforward; practical; fast food eaters. It is believed that Australians are nature lovers; sometimes shallow but honest; open-minded; love to joke; meat eaters; sports lovers; surf all day – drink all night. It is thought that Canadians are submissive, agreeable; modest; open-minded; progressive; efficient; straightforward; polite; respectful; anxious; law-abiding and tolerant; anti-American; passive.
We know a lot of stereotypes concerning the United Kingdom and its natives. Many stereotypes are wrong, but some of them seem to be good. We should be aware though, that some of them aren’t true. In fact they are rather conservative and love familiar things and values. They got a lot of culture behind them and they stick to their customs and traditions. They are said to be very reliable, both socially and professionally. They seem to be very punctual and always keep their word. You can call the British cold, but deep-down they are very warm and kind.
Of course all people are individuals and have their own traits but if we speak about Belarusians we can admit that we have many characteristics in common. Belarusians are extremely sociable both among themselves and with visitors. Compared to the people in many western countries Belarusians are not materialistic. The countryside holds a special place in the hearts of Belarusians. Even though Belarus has become increasingly urbanized and industrialised there always remains a link to rural life. On the weekends during the spring, summer and early autumn Belarusian cities seem to empty out as urbanites go to their dachas.They garden, fish and the more courageous, pick mushrooms. If I were to be limited to just one overall characteristic with which to describe Belarusians it would be ‘resourceful’. The next adjective I would choose is “peaceful”
In fact every national character is a combination of good and bad traits. But still you must treat every nation with equal respect. We are living through a period of global transition. Across the globe, nations and communities face profound and enduring economic, social and environmental challenges. We can only advance as a community of nations and cultures, drawing on human solidarity and recognizing that we share a common destiny. This is why tolerance is so important. Tolerance is the strongest foundation for peace and reconciliation that will unite us on our common journey to a peaceful, sustainable future.

2. I am not sure that national stereotypes are correct. The British aren’t as conservative as they are thought to be. They are talkative and very friendly. Some people think that Belarusians don’t smile. But I am sure that they are fun-loving, outgoing, humorous and very friendly.

In my opinion it is wrong to judge a person or the whole country by existing stereotypes, sometimes it’s even dangerous and it can lead to conflict. Stereotypes certainly are not the best way to describe people.

3. What is your impression about of country?

· What sights do like in Belarus?

· Have you tried our national dishes?

· What Belarusian dish do you like best?

· Are there any things that you don’t like about Belarus?

4. I would recommend him to visit a café which serves Belarusian dishes. It’s regarded that Belarusians’ favourite food is potato. There are a lot of dishes made of it. People sometimes call us ‘bulbashi’. We don’t mind.

Belarusians eat a lot of potatoes, so the dishes made from potato are very popular: draniki, kolduny, babka. But Belarusian cuisine is not only potatoes . There are a lot of tasty dishes. In restaurants with national colours you can taste not only Belarusian traditional cuisine but also exquisite dishes that were served up in residences of Belarusian magnates.

5. We are even nicknamed “potato-eaters”. Belarusians are true potato-eaters and the potato is even called “the second bread” among people. Also an important place in food of Belarusians belongs to meat, especially beef, pork and salted pork fat. Our national food is very tasty and healthy because we use a lot of vegetables, mushrooms and fish. But of course the main place in our cuisine takes potatoes. I love traditional Belarusian dishes such as draniki, babka and holodnik and recommend these dishes to all foreigners.

Билет №13

1. Let’s talk about international cooperation. What is the position of Belarus on the international arena?

2. Do you agree that contacts between countries are necessary for their development? Prove your point of view.

3. You are going to travel to Britain as an exchange student. Ask questions about the exchange programme.

4. Which international cultural event held in Belarus would you recommend your foreign friends to visit?

5. Social networking is a convenient way to keep in touch with foreign friends and a good possibility to develop cooperation. What do you think about it?

Let’s talk about international cooperation. What is international cooperation promoted for?

International relations are an exceptionally important aspect of citizenship in a global society. As our world becomes smaller and smaller through communication technology, rapid air transportation and a complex international economy, the value of peaceful and cooperative relationships between nations is increasingly important.

Historically, one of the oldest expressions of international relations was the establishment of treaties and agreements between nations. Maintenance of these treaties ensured that ordinary people could go about their everyday tasks of earning a living and raising their families rather than dedicating themselves to armed conflict with neighbors. This function of international relations remains just as relevant today.

Positive international relations also promote effective trade policies between nations in terms of importing natural resources and finished products not available in the country.

Nations often face global issues that are larger than any specific country or even continent, such as concerns over the environment, pandemics and terrorism. Sound international relations are required for nations to cooperate effectively to meet these challenges, allowing nations to share relevant information quickly and pool resources.

International relations are not only about regulating and controlling the flow of goods and information, they are also promote the human culture in a general way. The diversity of world cultures can be promoted and shared through international relations policies, allowing programs such as student exchanges and cultural exhibitions to enhance our understanding of the variety of human expression worldwide.

At present Belarus actively participates in an effective international partnership with the governments of different states and international organizations. As a co-founder of the United Nations,Belarus cooperates with various institutions and organizations of the United Nations, World Bank, World Health Organization, International Labor Organization, etc. Belarus has a friendly working relationship with such countries as Germany, Denmark, France, Canada, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, The USA and many others. Belarus cooperates with many international environmental organisations which protect our planet from global warming. Every year our country takes part in about 500 international science and technology projects. In 2015 Belarus joined the Bologna Process. Every year our country organizes international educational seminars and conferences. To promote international peace, friendship, culture and arts, every year Belarus organizes about 30 international cultural events. The most famous of them are Slavyansky Bazaar, Belarus Fashion Week and Listapad. Our country also actively cooperates with UNESCO, which helps to protect the world cultural and national heritage.

As a sovereign country, Belarus enjoys full rights and is active on the foreign arena. From the moment of setting up the United Nations Organization(UNO) Belarus as one of its constituent member states takes an active part in the work of this association, its organs and institutions. Belarus regularly sends its delegations to the sessions of the UNO General Assembly, has its permanent delegation and its own staff in it.

On the initiative of Belarus the international organizations have adopted a number of important decisions, particularly on the punishment of war criminals, on education of youth in the spirit of ideas of peace and friendship among nations. Belarus has signed many treaties, agreements, protocols and conventions on co-operation with other countries in various fields. Together with representatives of other peace-loving countries Belarus are struggling for their peace and security, co-operation and friendship.

2. Absolutely. Contacts between countries are necessary for their development. For example our gymnasium enables international cooperation with some countries. The headmistress, Elena Cheslavovna Sevostiyan strongly believes that the friendship which is born among children of different nationalities now will encourage the development of the relations among different countries in the future. Our gymnasium fruitfully cooperates with the school in Sosnovy Bor, Russia and with the school in Hungary. The students have the opportunity to participate in cultural and educational exchanges, take part in verious international projects. It means we have a chance to communicate with different people, learn about other culture and history and of course, pracrise foreign languages. Due to this cooperation our gymnasium has a new and modern basketball court.

3. - How long does the programme take?

- How much does the programme cost?

- Should I speak a second language during the programme?

- What countries will participate in the programme?

- Where will I live?

5. I couldn`t agree more. We are growing up in a rapidly developing and connected world. The evolution of the way that we are able to communicate with the whole world is also one of the most advanced parts of society today. It seems that everyone has a Smartphone with twitter, texting, facebook, an so many other things. Now you can be friends with someone from Great Britain on Facebook and chat online to find out the daily happenings in the world. Due to social networking our world becomes smaller and smaller. I believe that students who regularly communicate and form relationships with students of different cultures and lifestyles become more tolerant and understanding.

Билет №12

1. Let’s talk about mass media. What are your favourite newspapers, radio channels, TV programmes, and websites?

2. Do you agree that all means of communication are very effective? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions will you ask a British teenager about the magazine article he/she has recently read?

4. My cuisine spends a lot of time chatting in “Contact” and it makes all the family angry. What can you advise him and his family to do in this situation?

5. Explain why many people say that newspapers, radio and TV will lose their popularity and importance soon.

Let’s talk about the mass media. What is the role of mass media in the life of contemporary society?

We live in the era of information. It’s impossible to imagine our life without media. The mass media includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television and the Internet. These media have become as important for people as food or clothing.

Media is the best way to spread knowledge, information and news from one part of the world to another. It is also a source of entertainment. Companies use the media to promote their company product. The mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change.

Of course, not all newspapers and TV programmes report the events objectively, but serious journalists and TV reporters try to be fair and provide us with reliable information.

It is true that the world today is full of dramatic events and most news seems to be bad news. But people aren't interested in ordinary events. That is why there are so many programmes and articles about natural disasters, plane crashes, wars, murders and robberies. Good news doesn't usually make headlines. Bad news does.

Some people say that journalists are given too much freedom. They often intrude in people's private lives. They follow celebrities and print sensational stories about them which are untrue or half-true. They take photos of them in their most intimate moments. My favourite newspaper is “Astravetskayaprauda”. It`s our local newspaper where I can find a lot of information about the people with whom I live and meet every day and the most important events in the district. Sometimes I read about celebrities in “Komsomolskaya Pravda”.

The main source of news for millions of people is television. People like TV news because they can see everything with their own eyes. And that's an important advantage. Seeing, as we know, is believing. Besides, it's much more difficult for politicians to lie in front of the cameras than on the pages of newspapers. In truth, I rarely watch TV nowadays, because I don`t have much free time. If I have some minutes I usually surf the Internet and find necessary information there.

Still, many people prefer radio. It's good to listen to it in the car, or in the open air, or when you do something about the house.

The Internet has recently become another important source of information. Its main advantage is that news appears on the screen as soon as things happen in real life and you don't have to wait for news time on TV.

Modern means of communication have introduced relevant changes in our life. Mobile phones give us an opportunity to stay in touch and to be reachable everywhere. Now it’s difficult to imagine how people lived without mobile phones in the past.

The mobile phone is a very useful device. Thanks to it, I can access people I need: my parents, my friends and teachers. I can never miss anything important. If I need some help, I just call for help. If I’m late for some reason I may send a message to inform about it. What is more, with the help of my mobile phone I can access the Internet, listen to music and what not. A mobile phone gives us freedom. Furthermore, mobile phones offer the possibility of texting. Text messaging is the most convenient and the cheapest form of communication when we need to pass a quick note containing only a few words.

But telephones are no longer the only device used to communicate with other people. For example, using new software applications like Skype is undoubtedly one of the popular ways for communication. In this way we can surf the net and chat with our friends at the same time. Another advantage is convenience for those who cannot bother going outdoors to meet up with someone.

In conclusion I`d like to say that I`m absolutely agree with Jim Morrison saying, “Whoever controls the media, controls the mind.” There is no doubt that mass media has a huge impact on our life. We should be vigilant [бдительный] about the impact of the mass media and have our own beliefs and opinions.

2) Do you agree that all means of communication are very effective? Prove your point of view.

I think all means of communication are effective in this or that way. We can’t substitute for example phones by e-mails. There are special advantages and functions of this or that means of communication. But so as to be in touch with everybody and to be informed regularly you should know all modern changes in the sphere of communication.

The Internet is very helpful for those who have a hobby. You can communicate with those who share the same passion from all over the world. You can learn the news and discuss your favourite pop star, or a movie actor, a tv show, sport competitions and what not. On forums people share their experiences and help each other to solve the problems they have run into.

However, internet-addiction is a topical problem nowadays. Spending much time in front of the screen becomes a kind of obsession for many people. The symptoms of internet-addiction include sleep deprivation, decreased physical activity and social interaction with others. People who spend most of their time in the virtual world forget about the real one. They neglect their relatives and ruin their families. Besides, there is a lot of rubbish online and you can’t always trust what you read on the web.

To sum up, the Internet becomes dangerous when it is misused. But if it is used wisely and moderately, it helps you work, study or entertain and it saves plenty of time.

3. What is the article about?

Was it interesting?

What new information have you learnt?

Why do you think this article useful?

Will you recommend your friends to read this article?

4. I would advise him to spend more time with his friends outdoors. His parents should demonstrate to him that there are things in life which are more important than the Internet.

5. As I said … (topic) The Internet has recently become another important source of information. Its main advantage is that news appears on the screen as soon as things happen in real life and you don't have to wait for news time on TV.Modern means of communication have introduced relevant changes in our life. Mobile phones give us an opportunity to stay in touch and to be reachable everywhere. Now it’s difficult to imagine how people lived without mobile phones in the past. …Thanks to it, I can access people I need: my parents, my friends and teachers.

Билет №11

1. Let’s talk about mass media. What is the role of mass media in the life of contemporary society?

2. Do you agree that all mass media means are popular among teenagers? Why or why not?

3. What questions will you ask a British teenager about the media he\she likes most of all?

4. Give me a piece of advice on how to decide if the information on the Internet is reliable or not?

5. Can the Internet replace all other means of mass media?

Let’s talk about the mass media. What is the role of mass media in the life of contemporary society?

Of course, not all newspapers and TV programmes report the events objectively, but serious journalists and TV reporters try to be fair and provide us with reliable information.

Still, many people prefer radio. It's good to listen to it in the car, or in the open air, or when you do something about the house.

2. Nowadays mass media TV, radio, press and the Internet play a very important role in people’s life. These sources not only entertain but also educate and inform us about what’s going on in the world. They influence the way we see the events and form our world outlook.

As I’ve already said my favourite means of communication is the Internet. I believe my classmates think the same. It represents all sources in one and that is its main advantage. We go on-line if we want to read daily news or articles that interest me. I address the Internet and my mobile if I want to listen to the radio or watch a film. So do my classmates. I can find any information in the Net.

3. 1. What are your favourite mass media?

2. Do you prefer getting news from TV of from the Internet?

3. Are you registered in any social network?

4. How much time do you spend surfing the Internet?

5. Do you think the Internet is a reliable source of information?

4. Before using information you find on the internet, it is important to judge its accuracy and to establish that the information comes from a reliable and appropriate source.

You should try to identify the author and decide if you can call him an expert in this field.

If the information is part of a journal or other online publication, you should try to establish the authority of that publication.

The information should be well-written and grammatically correct. The bibliography should be included. You should also consider if the information is up to date. A good website will show when it was ‘last updated’ or give a clear indication of the timeliness of the information.

All these tips will be useful to realize whether the information on the Internet is reliable or not.

5. Maybe it will in future. But nowadays there are still millions of people who learn the latest news from the newspapers, television and radio. All these have their own advantages. Besides not all elderly people can work on the computer and use the Internet. They prefer watching TV and reading newspapers. But in our fast changing world nobody could predict what will happen to the world even in 5 years’ time. That’s why I would be very careful in predicting the future.

Билет №10

1. Let’s talk about youth and society. What youth organisations are there in our country?

2. Do you agree that young people should take an active part in social life of our country? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions will you ask about a new project organized by the BRSM?

4. What youth organisations will you recommend young people to join?

5. What is the best way to promote a healthy way of life among young people? Why is it important to stay healthy?

Youth and society

As you see I’m a young girl/boy. I want to tell you a little about youth. I think my generation is bright, cheerful and very kind.

Now, I’d like to tell you some words about the most authoritative youth organisations in Belarus. These are the BRPO, the BRSM, The Association of Belarusian Guides, The Belarusian Republican Scout Association. The main aim of the BRSM is to create conditions for all-round development of young people. The BRSM – it’s a youth organization in Belarus, a leader of the national youth movement. It’s goals are to promote patriotism, to develop youth’s initiatives, to involve young people into useful public activities and to encourage creative expression. The organization was created on September 6 2002. It’s symbols are an emblem and a flag, where you can see the initials of the BRSM. In order to join the BRSM, the applicant must be between the ages of 14 and 31.The main activity of the BRSM is to the Belarusian patriotism. Also, young people participate in memorial ceremonies about the country and pass out flowers to veterans of the Great Patriotic War. The BRSM supports youth volunteer movement in Belarus and organizes student construction brigades. I’m a member of this organization, and I want to advise you to join us, as it provides many opportunities, gives you the opportunity to achieve your goal, also helps with admission, I am glad to be member of this organization, because I feel my importance in the world!

2. Exactly! Young people should take an active part in social life of our country, because the goals of any youth organization are to train youth in responsible citizenship, to develop character and moral values. Such organizations as the BRSM, the Scout Movement and some others organize different meetings, events and campaigns to help young people to make friends, to learn something new and to promote their views. They help young people to socialize and give the opportunity to play some role in the life of society. Sometimes young people's campaigns can even influence the government's decisions on different issues.

3. 1. What is the goal of the project?

2. Why did you organize it?

3. Do you have any sponsors?

4. How many people are involved into the project?

5. What are the results of it?

4. I'm sure you should join the BRSM. They promote patriotism, moral values and they organize such activities as camping, sporting events, concerts and meetings, where you can make new friends and promote your own views. Besides, it will help you to socialize. Once I took part in a concert organized by the BRSM and it was wonderful. A lot of people gathered to find money to help veterans. And I'm proud that I was one of them. So, join the BRSM.

5. The best way to promote a healthy way of life among young people is to help them to find motivation to be healthy. The best motivation for young people is to look beautiful, to enjoy life and to be free. It is necessary to show them that only being healthy you can enjoy life in its full beauty. As Franklin Adams said, “Health is the thing that makes you feel that now is the best time of the year.”

Билет № 9

1. Let’s talk about family. What is family for you?

2. Do you agree that family ties are the strongest? Prove your point of view

3. What questions will you ask a British teenager about his/her family?

4. Give a piece of advice on how to have a close and happy family.

5. They say that parents and children have difficulties understanding each other because of the generation gap. What do you think about it?

1. Let`s talk about your family. What is family for you?

I share my joys and sorrows with my family. I'm happy to say that my home is the place where everybody understands, respects and. loves me. To my mind, this is the way things should be in any family.

2. Certainly. Strong families notice and share positive aspects of each other. They pay attention to another person's polite behavior or something nice he or she did or said. They notice the talents, skills, achievements, special qualities, and characteristics that make the other person unique. Strong families make decisions, solve family problems, and do family work together. Everyone has a role to play and everyone participates. Parents are the leaders, but the children's opinions and efforts are invited, encouraged, and appreciated. Strong families communicate. They talk. They share their feelings, hopes, dreams, fears, joys, sorrows, experiences, growth, and needs. Their communication patterns are clear, open, and frequent.

3. - How many sisters or brothers have you got?

- What kind of person is your mother/father/brother/sister?

- Have you got your mother's or father's personality?

- What family occasions do you celebrate?

- Do you have your own family traditions?

4. I think we are old enough to realize that adults are not saints and may make mistakes and that the so-called generation gap should not spoil our relations. Good children are prepared to compromise and meet their parents halfway, render any possible help to their parents, treat their parents in the way they would like to be treated themselves.

So first of all I can advise for anyone to try to understand the feelings of your parents and show respect to them. Even if you don’t agree with their thinking, try to make them understand politely, don’t use harsh words with them which may hurt. It’s important to celebrate your parents’ and grandparents’ birthdays. It will make them realize that you care for them.

5. I often hear this term “generation gap”, but I hope it’s not about my family. To my mind misunderstanding may happen if people don’t respect each other. Of course different generations have different ideas and values, nevertheless children and parents love each other. So any problem can be discussed. It’s much easier to find the way out together.

Card 8

1. Let's talk about choosing a career. What kind of job would you like to have in future?

2. Do you agree that it is necessary to have a good command of a foreign language to get a good job?

3. What questions will you ask your future employer at a job interview?

4. Give me some advice on how to create a positive impression on the employer at a job interview.

5. What do you think is more important: to have a good salary or to love your job?

Getting a job in today's competitive world is not easy. Most jobs require qualifications. So it's better to think about your future job while you are still at school.

2.Yes, I do. English is becoming the language of international trade. It is essential for the development of international contacts in the sphere of political, social, business and cultural relations. It enables people to find work almost anywhere in the world. Modern world is a global community. So as to be a member of this community you should know a universal language. It’s English. It’s the language of the Internet, all international conferences, different instructions for modern devices and so on. That’s why, you’ll be a good candidate for any job if you speak a foreign language.

3. - What is a timetable for me?

- Have you got any special rules to regulate a working day?

- Is there any dress-code in your office?

-What is the period of holidays?

-Are there any prospects of being promoted?

4. There are some useful tips… To begin with, dress appropriately to the place where you’d like to work. Dress shows your personality. Enter the room with a friendly, confident smile, greeting the hiring manager with eye contact . These behaviours will help you to make a positive first impression on the interviewer. Being late for an interview is not the way of behaviour which is usually regarded as reliable. It is a good idea to show that you are familiar with peculiarities of the company. Having done so, you demonstrate that you took them seriously. Give honest opinions, while being polite and expressive. When you give your answers to the questions, add examples to strengthen your points. Speak openly about your abilities, but with respect to the interviewer and the company.When applying for a job, be sure to bring all the requested supporting documents in the format requested in the job listing. These documents may include an application form, a resume, a portfolio, letters of recommendation, certifications, and other supporting documentation.These behaviours will help you to create a positive first impression on the employer.

5.Job satisfaction and salary are both important. When choosing a future career, we should consider different factors. In my opinion, money is one of them. I think everybody wants to earn as much money as possible.

On the other hand, it’s good when you get satisfaction from your job. It is very important to choose a profession that’s suits your interests. In my opinion, a job should be interesting and socially important. Some jobs are considered to be more suitable for men and others for women. You should also decide whether you want to work indoors or outdoors. To make the right choice, you should take into account your traits of character.

Билет №7

1. Let’s talk about art. What kinds of art do people enjoy most? Why?

2. Do you agree that graffiti is a form of art? Prove your point of view

3. I like photography. Ask me some questions about the exhibition I have recently visited.

4. What advice will you give to your British friend who wants to take part in “The Night of Museums” in Belarus?

5. Some people believe that “Art is a mirror of society”. What do you think about it?

It is human to admire beauty around us, we are often struck when we see a painting or read a beautiful poem, or listen to soothing music. Art is everywhere around us in many forms and holds a significant value in our lives. It is difficult to describe "art" in literal terms, but broadly it is understood as a form to express one's feelings through any object or medium like paper, music, colours, technology, magic, photography, etc. It can be abstract, realistic, naturalistic, conceptual and inspirational.

Art has many forms. Visual and performing arts are the ones that can be related easily. Visual arts broadly comprise of paintings, drawing, clay modeling, architecture, photography, etc. Performing arts include dance, music, opera, theatre, magic, spoken words, circus art and musical theatre.

Music has a great impact on our mood. It makes us joyful and relaxes us and keeps the energy on. I'm so enthusiastic about listening to music, which has now become an extremely widespread hobby. There is a great range of musical styles. Personally I mostly prefer metal music. It promotes power and might, sense of purpose, true friendship and heroism. Not only music but also movies, plays and theatre also make us active.

I'd like to tell you about people's reading preferences. Undoubtedly, the role of books in our life is really great. Books help to understand people surrounding us better. Devoting much time to reading we become better informed and more educated. Reading plays a great role in my life, too. Reading develops my speech and helps me express my views, thoughts, ideas in clear, simple words. It also develops my outlook and my attitude to the life.

My reading preferences are various. For me, it is not the genre of the book that matters, but the talent and emotions the author has put into it. The choice of a book to read depends on my mood and the amount of free time I have.

And what about cinema? One must admit that films will always stay as one of the entertainments for people. Film producers realize that they have to make up something new to attract people. And with nowadays new technologies it is so fascinating to watch films wearing 3D glasses, for example. You get the full picture of the movie and can experience all the special effects personally. Some people prefer watching movies at the cinema. They believe that cinema has a better atmosphere to enjoy the movie. However, from my point of view, people who watch movies at home are happier and freer than people who choose the cinema. People who watch movies at home feel more comfortable. Most experts consider that cinema provides the best conditions for watching movies. However, with good equipment at home, we still have a chance to appreciate the movie.

As far as I am concerned, watching movies is relaxing. Cinema may just provide the best conditions to watch movie not the best way to enjoy the movie. To my mind, watching movie at home is better. But anyway there should be cinemas, it's a good chance to hang out with your mates.

2. Artists always seek for new ways of expression and graffiti is one of them. Some people are impressed with this form of art while others find it inappropriate and even criminal. In my opinion, we can not help but mention that street art impacts the society greatly and becomes a real movement in modern art. Firstly, it is difficult to impress people today that is why artists use public places to draw attention. They try to make people think about urgent problems through their works. For example, Banksy is a famous street artist whose graffiti are known by millions of people all around the world for its truthfulness and unusual style. Once he even has his own exhibition in the museum. Secondly, every graffiti is unique that shows individual vision of the artists and their inner world. People create incredible things as they are free from limits in drawing. However some people disagree. They consider street art as vandalism because such artist break the law and spoil sights and private property bringing troubles to owners and the government. Besides, it causes rebellious moods among teenagers and affect their behavior badly. I do not agree with this point of view because street artists are not hooligans. They could bright up the city if they had special places for it. To sum up, graffiti is a form of art that is worth to be displayed in public places.
3. 1. What art gallery have you visited?

2. Who is the artist of the exhibition?

3. What kind of photography was it?

4. Would you recommend to anybody to visit it?

5. Would you like to visit it one more time?

4. Night of Museums — a cultural event in which museums and cultural institutions in an area cooperate to remain open late into the night to introduce themselves to new potential patrons. The worldwide campaign "Night of Museums" initially have two tasks: to increase the image of museums in cities and to attract young people.

If you want to take part in “The night of Museums” you should choose any museum you like, buy the ticket and visit it. Your choice should depend on your interests and tastes.

5.Art is a mirror of society and it reflects the issues, concerns,fears,hopes,beliefs,superstitions of every period in history.It is so much more than just decoration. Look at ten works of art each day and your life will change for the better.

Билет № 6

1. Let’s talk about science and technologies. What is the role of science in our fast-moving world?

2. Do you agree that all scientific discoveries have a positive effect on our life? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions will you ask a most outstanding scientist?

4. Give me a piece of advice on how to make my house more secure and comfortable for living. What modern appliances and gadgets can I use?

5. People are becoming more dependent on high-tech devices. Is it good or bad?

Let`s talk about science.

Science is creating wonders almost every day. What once was a fantasy is now a reality thanks to the recent achievements of scientists. Science affects us all every day from the moment we wake up till late at night. Your digital alarm clock, the weather report, your cell phone, the antibiotics, the clean water and the light that you turn off at the end of the day. All these have been made possible thanks to science.

Technological advances have influenced every sphere of our life. First off all, science has changed our daily routine, transforming our houses into smart homes. Nowadays almost every corner of our houses is equipped with modern appliances. Motion sensors, automatic lights, climate control and all kitchen appliances make our life safer, easier, and more convenient.

Science has greatly improved medical services. The microscope and the X-ray have become real blessings to humanity. The latest inventions help to diagnose patients with serious diseases and start treatment at early stages. Chemists have invented wonder drugs which cure previously fatal diseases and as a result save lives of thousands of people.

Cloning, space trips and robots are the miracles of the modern times. Though we don`t come across with these technological wonders every day, they influence our life in some ways.

And of course science has affected modern means of communication. In the past it took people weeks and even months to deliver a message from one person to another. Since the invention of mobile phones and the Internet quality of communication has improved greatly.

Modern technology helps us find long-lost relatives and childhood friends. Social networks and applications like Skype help us keep in touch with friends .

Google updates us on the latest news, discoveries, inventions, festivals, and art events. It saves our time and makes our life more and more convenient.

But there are also several disadvantages of modern means of communications. Fast and effective technology turns us into coach potatoes, unable and unwilling to go out of house and look for real communication.

What is more, computers have given to new addictions. For example, gaming addiction. There is a wide range of intellectual games that develop calculation and reading skills. But unfortunately they are not as popular as games featuring shooting, killing and fighting. Sociologists claim that addiction to cruel computer games is responsible for increased crime and violence rates.

Doctors link several serious health problems such as obesity, heart disease, strokes and cancer with addiction to computer and TV watching.

As we know, even good things can be used in a wrong way. So we should be very careful with modern means of communication.

Thus, as we can see in our daily life science has been great help and we have benefited from it a lot. And it is certain that now it has become almost impossible to live without using achievements of science.

2. I’m convinced that almost everything can be a bless or a curse. It’s true that technology has been created for bad purposes as well as good. Nuclear power has enabled us to generate (производить) energy but it has also been used to create weapons. We shouldn’t forget about nuclear bombs, the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters. Moreover it is often said that technology should bring apology to ecology because it has polluted and is badly polluting our environment. So as you can see the progress of science is not that harmless.

3. What helps you to get new ideas?

- What is your greatest invention or discovery?

- What does your laboratory look like?

- What are your ambitions?

- Do you prefer to work alone or with a group of scientists?

4. - To secure your house from thieves, you`d better install an alarm system. Fire alarm may also be useful. And if you want to save time on your household chores, it wouldbe a good idea to buy a vacuum cleaner and a dishwasher.

5. In the modern world there are many useful techniques. But it is not always good. On the phone to talk and text, but at the same time a lot of people use the phone for social networks and become Internet zombies. To use the equipment you need only when it is really needed. On the other hand we can’t imagine our life today without the Internet. With the help of modem devices I have got an opportunity to access news, documents, images, sounds, video and games, to make friends, to book tickets and to purchase different things online. It`s really good.

Билет № 5

1. Let’s talk about Britain. What can you tell me about this island country?

2. Do you agree that Great Britain is worth visiting all year round? Prove your point of view.

3. What would you ask a British teenager about his country?

4. What historical places would you advise me to visit in England?

5. They say the British are quite reserved. What do you think about it?

II. Let's talk about Great Britain

When I think about Great Britain, I immediately think of its geographical position, culture and its people.

As 1 know from my geography lessons it's a beautiful island country which is situated off the west coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the northwest and the North Sea on the east. It is separated from the European continent by the English Channel. It's made up by two main islands and about 5000 smaller ones. The two main islands are Great Britain to the east and Ireland to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea. The country is well known for its changeable weather, extremely polite people, their love fòr animals and sport and, of course the red post and letter boxes and double-decker buses.

The official name of the country is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It occupies most of the territory of British Isles and consists of 4 countries. They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The total area of Great Britain is over 240,000 square kilometres.

The population of the United Kingdom is over 64 mln people. English is the official language.

The different parts of Britain have their own emblems. The red rose is the national emblem of England. The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland. The daffodils and the leek are the emblems of Wales. And the shamrock is the national emblem of Ireland. The flag of the United Kingdom is known as the Union Jack.

Geographically, the island of Great Britain is subdivided into two main regions — Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines, and the Lake District. Their mountains are not very high. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland (1,343 m). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the largest and the most important one for trading. Great Britain has many beautiful lakes. The best known of them is long narrow Loch Ness, legendary home of the famous monster.

The largest cities of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Cardiff and Belfast. The British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid, and changeable. There is a saying that Britain doesn't have a climate, it only has weather. But English weather is never the same. One day it rains, the next day it may be sunny and then it may be cold again. There can be cool days in July and some quite warm days in January. To be honest, nowadays it can be said not only about Britain. The climate of all the countries is changing dramatically nowadays.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a political name of the country which includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. All of these countries are represented in Parliament. The Queen is the Head of State, but in fact she doesn't rule the country. The most important function of the Queen is ceremonial. The Queen is a symbol of the country history and its traditions.

The real power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government. The British Parliament has two houses, or 'chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is the most powerful and decides national policy, but the House of Lords can ask the House of Commons to rewrite certain parts of a bill before it becomes a new law. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament. They are elected every five years. The members of the House of Lords are not elected. These members are permanent. They are often aristocrats, people of the church, lawyers and former politicians.

In 1973 Britain joined the European Community. Britain wanted to become part of Europe. It was also useful for economic reasons. They became members of the biggest European market.

I want to see Britain very much. I really wish to see Stonehenge, one of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites of Great Britain. It was built by the Druids for a special ceremony. But even now people can't say how they did it. The stones are huge. Another mysterious place I want to see is Loch Ness, one of the lakes in Scotland, where some people think a large monster lives. I know it's a legend but still I want to check it and enjoy the scenery.

I don't mind walking in English parks and gardens. For the lover of outdoor life the Lake District has almost everything. The Lake District is the largest National Park in England. It is situated on the northwest side of the Pennine system and contains plenty of beautiful lakes.

3. Do you know much about British History?

What are the most popular British holidays?

You have seen the Queen, haven't you?

What`s the traditional British food?

What is the political system of GB?

4. London is worth visiting. Put on comfortable shoes, take a map and set off. You should see Piccadilly Circus, Trafalgar Square, the Houses of Parliament, the Tower of London. Don't miss a chance to enjoy the architecture of Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace and St. Paul's Cathedral. If you are a nature lover you'd better go to Hyde Park or Kensington Gardens or St. James Park. If I were in your shoes, I would walk and walk along London's streets.

5. They say that the British are quite reserved. What do you think about it?

The British are quite reserved in manners, dress and speech. They are famous for their politeness, self-discipline and specially for their sense of humor. Basic politeness (please, thank you, excuse me) is expected.

English people are very reserved. This means that they don’t talk much to strangers, and don’t show much emotion. A reserved person never tells you anything about himself. British people keep their old traditions and are very proud of them. English people show great love for animals. And, of course, English people are fond of sports.

Билет №4

1. Let’s talk about Belarus. What can you tell me about our Motherland?

2. Do you agree that Belarus is worth visiting? Prove your point of view.

3. What questions do you expect to hear from a British teenager about Belarus?

4. What Belarusian sights can you advise your British friend to visit to make his\her stay unforgettable?

5. They say that Belarus is situated at the crossroads of Europe. Explain why.

About Belarus.

Belorussian`s natural scenery is wide, lonely plains covered with hills, and many lakes and forests. The highest place in Belarus is the mount Dzerzhinskaya (345m) in Minsk region. The chief rivers are the Dnieper, the Nieman, the Zapadnaya Dvina, the Pripyat. The largest lake is the Naroch(80 sq km) and the deepest one is the Dolgoye(54 metres). One third of the Republic's territory is covered with forests. The largest of them are calledpushehas. The most beautiful is the Byelovezhskaya.

The climate in the Belarus is moderately continental. The climate is mild and one can travel comfortably here at any time of year. The moderately continental climate of Belarus is a gift from the Atlantic ocean, and the winds that blow from the ocean make Belarus a zone of stable harvest.

Today Belarusian industry produces tractors, big lorries, automatic lines, computers, television sets, bicycles, and else. Agriculture specializes in milk and meat production. The main cultures here are potatoes, flax, grain, herbs and vegetables. More than 30 minerals have been discovered nowadays in Belarus. Among them we have oil, natural gas, coal, rock salt, potassium salts, phosphorites, marl, iron ore, dolomites and others.

Belarus is a country of well-developed science, culture and education. There is an Academy of Sciences, 37 higher educational establishments, and a lot of theatres, museums, and art galleries there. Just like any other country in the world Belarus has its own customs and traditions.

2. (ответ на 4 вопрос тоже) Belarus is an ancient country with a long and interesting history. For those who want to learn about the history of this country it’s a must to visit reconstructed palaces of Nesvizh and Mir to plunge in the atmosphere of medieval Belarus. They can learn the architecture, costumes, music and customs of that time there. Grodno with its Old and New Castles, Palace and park ensemble is also worth visiting. I think every Belarusian region has something to show foreigners.

I’m sure that lots of tourists come to Belarus to see and enjoy its unique virgin nature. Due to the state care we have such untouched forest massifs like Belovezhskaya and Nalibotskaya pushchas, Beresinsky and Prypyatsky National reserves where tourists can see hundreds of species of birds, animals, plants.

And as you know nowadays Belarus is becoming a well-known sporty country. Sport fans stay mostly in the capital. But apart competitions they can visit Minsk museums and enjoy traditional Belarusian food.

3. 1. Where is Belarus situated?
2. What city is the capital?
3. Do people of Belarus speak Belarusian?
4. What places are worth seeing in Belarus?

5. What is your favourite place in Belarus?

5. Belarus is very well geopolitically located. It is situated in the heart of Europe, at the crossroads of trade ways between west and east, north and south. But such advantageous position of our country often turned into a disadvantage. Belarus has been the area of many wars, invasions and aggressions. World War II brought the country innumerable losses. More than 2 million people died in the war. Belarusian people value peace and want to live in good neighbour relations with all other nations.

I love my country and I’m proud of its people.

Билет №3

1. Now let`s talk about environment. Do you share the opinion that our planet is in danger?

2. Do you agree that everybody must take care of nature? Prove your point of view.

3. What would you like to ask your British friend about the measures taken to protect the environment in Britain?

4. Give a piece of advice on what people can do to protect the environment.

5. If you have a chance to start a campaign to help the environment, what will your campaign be for?

II. Let's talk about environment

Scientists project that between now and the year of 2030 we are going to have an increase of the average temperature between 1.5 - 4.5 degrees C. Sea levels would rise by several metres, flooding coastal areas and ruining vast tracks of farmland. Huge areas would be infertile and become uninhabitable. Water contamination could lead to shortages of safe drinking water. It looks like the end of civilization on the Earth.

Every year the world's industry pollutes the atmosphere with millions of tons of dust and other harmful substances. The seas and rivers are poisoned with industrial waste. People who live in big cities are badly affected by harmful discharge from plants and city transport and by the increasing noise level which is bad for human health.

Among the most urgent problems arc depletion of the ozone layer, acid rains and global warming. Another serious environmental problem is the disappearance of forests. There are a lot of places on our planet that need immediate help. The nuclear accident of Chernobyl has seriously aggravated the ecological situation in Belarus. About 18 per cent of the country's soil is unfit for farming and some districts in the south-cast of the country arc dangerous to live in. So nature protection should become everybody's concern.

(2 вопрос) I believe that environmental disasters can be avoided if people broaden ecological education and every person understands that the beauty of nature is extremely fragile. In my opinion, people must obey the unwritten rules of nature. Governments must take serous actions against pollution. Many countries reduce air pollution making plants and factories fit affective fillers on chimneys and car exhausts. They try to use natural recourses more economically. Green zones around big cities are protected and extended.

As well as I know most people in America and Europe are ecologically-conscious and they do many things to help the environment. For example, they have so-called "Clean Air Day". Its aim is to encourage people to walk, bike, ride public transit, thereby reducing the use of personal cars. Carpooling is an arrangement among car owners by which each of them takes a turn driving the others to and from a designed place. So less gas is burnt and less emissions are discharged into the atmosphere. In many countries people work together on the program of sustainable development called "Local Agenda 21", which was set up in 1992.

There are many things people can do at home to help nature. They could waste less water by fixing leaky pipes, turning off the tap while brushing their teeth, taking showers instead of baths. People should remember that paper is not garbage and it can be recycled. By recycling of one ton of newspapers we save 17 trees. People should buy in bulk so that to eliminate the trash from extra-packaging, they should bike more and use public transport.

1 strongly believe that we must consume less, recycle more, conserve wildlife and nature, act according to the dictum "think locally, think globally, act locally". If we don't realize that we arc responsible for what's happening around us, we will never feel secure about the future of the world we live in.

3. 1. What measures are taken by your government to protect rare animals and birds?

2. Are there any civil societies in Britain that aim at nature protection?

3. What does your government do to protect marine species?

4. Do your mass media share knowledge on nature protection?

5. What do you and your classmates do to protect nature?

4. People should understand that the planet needs their immediate help if they want to survive and they take measures to protect nature. People should stop wasting paper to save trees and limit unnecessary car journeys to prevent air pollution. People shouldn’t use gas and water carelessly.

Taking steps to conserve and reuse is one of the best things you can do to help save the environment, and it is easier than you might think. Start small and do your part just by changing your daily habits. To help save the environment, try decreasing energy and water consumption; changing your eating and transportation habits to conserve natural resources; and reducing, reusing, and recycling to be more environmentally friendly. Once you've made your own lifestyle more environmentally conscious, you can also engage in activism to help educate others on doing the same.

5. “Save environment” should be the priority of each and every person today. It is important to save environment as life of living beings is completely dependent on it. Humans utilize the water for drinking, air for breathing and also use other natural resources for their regular everyday jobs. In fact, the food we consume like milk, eggs, and vegetables, etc., are also derived from animals and plants, which is provided to us by the environment around us. Environment can be saved by planting more trees, recycling, reusing, reducing pollution, creating awareness through environmental programs. If we want to save the environment then, we should stop the exploitation of natural resources. Using these resources cautiously is very important to save the environment. So, my campaign will be for controlling electricity consumption, consume less water, paper reduction, reusing the materials we use in our daily lives.

Билет №2

1. Let’s talk about education. What can you tell me about your school life?

2. Do you agree “teachers open the door but you must enter it by yourself”? Prove your point of view.

3. Ask me about the school I went to when I was young.

4. What advice can you give me on how to prepare for exams well?

5. Some people think that education is a key to success. Do you agree with it?

Education

Now, let`s talk about the main reasons of education. _________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Now, I would like to tell you a few words about my gymnasium. It is a beautiful, morden, three stored building. When you enter the school yard you can see a lot of thujas[ˈθju:jə] and beautiful flowers. Behind the building there is a big playground. When the weather is fine we have our PE classes there. When you enter the gymnasium you come into a large hall. To enter the gymnasium you should have a pass. On the ground floor there is a school library, a canteen, the assembly hall . The class rooms, the teachers room and a gym are on the upper floors. All our corridors are full of beautiful pictures, colorful posters, flowers, mirrors and comfortable places to relax. I learn different subjects at school: Russian, English, maths, physics, chemistry, geography, history and some others.

My favorite subjects are Russian and English. I also like literature. I am good at these subjects and usually get good marks in them. I work hard at English lessons: read and translate texts, make up dialogues, do a lot of ex-s, but most of all I like different tests, I am fond of grammar. But I wish I were better in chemistry. I always fail to learn formulas and terms properly. I like my class, everybody is so friendly easy to get along with. I am on good terms with my classmates and we often spend our free time together.

No doubt that school is our second home. We spend a lot of time at school acquiring deep knowledge, which can help us to understand our life better. It plays an important role in our lives.

2. I agree with this Chinese proverb. I've always believed that education is a partnership between teachers, students and parents. All have to work together to have good results in the end. The problem is that today only teachers are being responsible .Those who doesn't share my view will say that great teachers can overcome any difficulties they face. But I believe that teachers are the most important in-school factor in learning. Teacher gives us all the necessary information and shares with us knowledge and experience, develops our outlook and mind, helps to understand the world around us and form relationship with people near us. And we pupils in our turn should accept this knowledge; use it in our everyday life. I repeat that learning is a partnership in which students have to take responsibility. Teachers are not magicians.

3. Did you go to a village school?

Did you have a lot of friends at school?

Did you have problems with studying?

Were you happy at school?

What was your favourite school subject?

4. First of all I think you should

be hard-working and self-organized and make an effort every day.

make notes while studying; Surely these notes will help you in the last minute revision and save you time than going through all the pages in the text book.

develop your skills in the subjects you are to pass every possible minute.

master your knowledge and remember that practice makes perfect.

Get a good nights sleep

Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, everyday

Drink plenty of water

Focus on what you do know rather than what you don’t know

And I’d like to wish you good luck at your exams .

5. I believe education is the most important tool you can receive, that can bring you most success in society today. The more knowledge you gain the more opportunities will open up to achieve better possibilities in career and personal growth. Education has played an important role in the career world of the twenty-first century. A person with a higher education will be easily qualified compared to a person without an extended education.

I also believe education is important because it helps us develop a unique perspective of looking at life. It has allowed the community to succeed both socially and economically. Education serves to unite and strengthen our country. Without education people would not be able to distinguish right from wrong. If this should happen, then our society will find itself at a large disadvantage compared to other countries. “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world” once said by a wise man name Nelson Mandela, and that is why I strongly agree why education is important.

Билет №1

Let’s talk about accommodation. What types of houses do people live in?

2.Do you agree that living in a flat is better than living in a house? Prove your point of view.

3.Ask me what my flat\house looks like?

4. People want to make their houses cozier and more comfortable. Give them some advice on how to do it?

5. They say that the room which you live in reflects your character and personality. What do you think about this idea?

Houses in GB

The most essential things for man’s life are food, water, clothes and shelter. But a human being wants not just a shelter, not just a house but a home.

In the past people used to build houses out of local materials and many areas developed their own style of building. As a result the architectural landscape in Britain is extremely varied.

There are huge differences among houses. They vary in style, size, colour, material, the age of the building, ownership and many other things.

If you are going to live alone, you can prefer a studio to a large apartment. Among advantages of living in a block of flats some people name the fact that it takes less time to tidy up a flat than a house. But living in a flat has its disadvantages. Your neighbours can make a lot of noise when they hammer or drill the wall or set a party. I can say that all these disadvantages don't bother me much and it is a good type of housing. The largest part of population in our country lives in blocks of flats.

2.Many people think about their living place. First advantage of a block of flats is location. Blocks are often localized near city centre, close to shops, school, restaurants. You can go for a walk to square. Secondly – you don’t have to worry about your work in the garden, clean up garage – you have less work.

On the other hand, there are also some disadvantages – in blocks, there are different people, who have strange hobbies, e.g. listen to noisy music at night, sit in bath 10 hours (you have water on the ceiling) And you can’t have big dog – if you love them, you can be really unhappy. Moreover, there is a big disadvantage – pollution in the air, which is really unhealthy.

To sum up, I think it’s your own decision, where you want to live, if you know disadvantages an advantages you will be glad of your home.

3.What floor is your flat on? How many floors does your house have?

How many rooms are there in your flat (house)?

What modern conveniences are in your flat (house)?

Do you have your own room?

Is your flat (house) well-furnished?

Is your flat (house) full of modern devices and gadgets?

4.A house is made of walls and beams; a home is built with love and dreams. It takes hands to build a house, but only hearts can build a home. A home has a special atmosphere where people love, respect, trust each other. I should also notice it’s a reflection of person’s personality. So you should decorate it according to your taste. If everything is all right in your household then it becomes the place you want to stay at as long as possible and where you always want to return to.

Pay special attention to the furniture arrangement in your house. Do not place massive pieces of furniture in small rooms. Do not place pieces of furniture at the walls in a long room in order not to make it even longer visually. In a big room you can use different partitions for zoning.Textiles and wood will change any house. Use wood furniture instead of modern glass one, cover the windows with heavy curtains and your house will become more comfortable.If you want your house to be cozy do not forget about flowers. Get miniature fruit trees which not only look interesting but also are so beautiful in bloom. If you do not like such plants, choose any flowers you want so that they make you happy.

5.I fully agree that the room you live in reflects your character and personality. When you look around someone’s room and pay attention to the way they decorated it you can gain an insight (получитьпредставление) into their lives. First you can tell from someone’s home what their hobbies and interests are, as well as their general tastes. In other words, if someone has a lot of films you can say that they enjoy movies, while if they have a set of weights this tells you that they like working out and staying in shape. If you see shelves full of books you can say that they are intelligent, well-read as they are fond of reading. If you see any posters you can understand what actors or singers someone is crazy about. If the room is messy you can see that the person is not organized, untidy or laid-back. He could be too busy to tidy up or he could suffer from an addiction or depression. If, on the contrary, the room is extremely clean then this could suggest a person who is obsessed with cleanness, with so much attention to detail that it annoys other people.

Билеты к выпускному экзамену по английскому языку

https://dobrovol.schools.by/class/19410/news/564639

English PB 11 (аудио приложение к учебнику)

https://b-ok.org/book/2970753/44e210

The Canadian sights.

1. Ottawa is smaller then other capitals, but it has its own charm.

2. Parliment Hills is a home of parliment of Canada. You can see the ceremonial og changing the guards there. The Peace Tower looks like Big Ben.

3. A star attraction is the Rideau Canal. It`s the largest ice-skating ring in winter.

4. You may treat youself to Beaver`s Tail pastry, if you are hungry.

5. There are 3 magnificent waterfalls. Actually it’s a series of three magnificent waterfalls situated on the border of Canada and the United States. There are several ways to experience Niagara Falls.
6. Toronto is a multicultural city with a lot of visitors. It`s financial center, hectic and culturally diverse. There are a lot of ethnic districs.

7. CN Tower is famous. You may go up in one of the famous glass elevators and get a brilliant view.

8. The Castle of Casa Loma is a fairytale building. It was originally a residence for a financier built in the beginning of the 20th century. It looks fantastic from outside.

Topic "English-speaking countries"

1. Let`s talk about English-speaking countries. What do you know about any of these countries?

Also I know about some sights of Canada.

Although Australia is a small continent, it is the sixth largest country in the world: only Russia, Canada, the United States, China, and Brazil have larger areas.

Блог учителя английского языка Буйнаревич Натальи Ивановны

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Form 11

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